The future of teaching physiology: an international viewpoint.

The discipline of physiology is challenging to teach. It has ill-defined boundaries and no agreed sequence for learning; students' needs depend on the goals of the specific degree programs in which they are enrolled. Internationally, it is taught under many different conditions, using a range of strategies, to a wide variety of groups. All teachers are subject to local constraints and the availability of resources. Newer educational methods emphasizing active and integrated learning provide novel challenges. Computer-based educational strategies offer promise but do not represent easy solutions, particularly when they are unaffordable in many parts of the world. Particular difficulties in teaching arise for some when they are not themselves broadly educated in physiology and related disciplines and for others when they have only limited access to up-to-date knowledge and resources. Sessions and workshops on modern physiology and educational issues should be included in national, regional, and international conferences at which the participation of teachers is encouraged and supported.